Viagra

Pfizer therefore decided to market it for erectile dysfunction, rather than for angina. Sildenafil (compound UK-92,480) was synthesized by a group of pharmaceutical chemists working at Pfizer's Sandwich, Kent research facility. Phase I clinical trials under the direction of Ian Osterloh suggested that the medication had little result on angina, but that it can induce marked penile erections (Boolell et al 1996). It soon became a extreme success: annual sales of Viagra in the period 1999-2001 exceeded $1 billion. The pill was patented in 1996, approved for use in erectile dysfunction by the FDA on March 27, 1998, becoming the first drug approved to treat erectile dysfunction in the United States, and offered for sale in the United States later that year (Kling 1998). It was initially studied for manage in hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (a shape of cardiovascular disease).

The Name

It was possibly inspired by the Sanskrit word "vyaghra", which means "tiger". The sound of the word also suggests the words "vigor" and "virile". The word rhymes with "Niagara" (Niagara Falls is a popular honeymoon destination and Niagara, being such an impressive waterfall, evokes a sense of incredible erectile and ejaculatory strength). The name "Viagra", like many medicine names, is a marketing invention.

Prescription

Numerous sites on the Internet offer Viagra for sale after an "online consultation," a mere web questionnaire. A mixture of Viagra and ecstasy, called sextasy, has become popular among rave partygoers. The "Viagra" name has become so well known that many fake aphrodisiacs now call themselves "herbal Viagra" or are presented as blue medicines imitating the form and colour of Pfizer's product. Even though Viagra is only available by prescription from a doctor, it was advertised directly to clients on TV (famously being endorsed by Bob Dole). Viagra is also informally known as "Vitamin V", "the Blue Pill", and goes by various other nicknames.

Impotence

However, this is unlikely in that these parts of endangered species are not only used to treat impotence. It has been suggested that Viagra would lead to a marked drop in the demand for certain traditional remedies, such as tiger penises and rhinoceros horns and that the pill could therefore help to preserve these endangered species. Furthermore, since Viagra has not been shown to possess aphrodisiac properties, it is unclear that the natural remedies would compete with this new clinical drug. Rhinoceros horns, for example, are used as a treatment for high fever.

Pfizer's worldwide patents on sildenafil citrate will expire in 2011-2013. The UK patent held by Pfizer on the apply of PDE5 inhibitors (see below) as treatment of impotence has been invalidated in 2000 because of obviousness; this decision was upheld on appeal in 2002.

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